Задание 1.
Translate the following text into English:
В современном обществе люди постоянно сталкиваются с правилами и нормами, зафиксированными в законах и постановлениях. Везде мы сталкиваемся с требованиями, запретами и дозволениями, с необходимостью соблюдения правил и законов, с теми последствиями, которые возникают при их нарушении. Каждое государство устанавливает вобщественных отношениях определенный порядок, который обеспечивает изащищает эти отношения. Закон охватывает многие сферы человеческойжизни и является основой безопасности общества.
Законодатели – это люди, которые создают законы. В древние временазаконы создавались из старинных обычаев, и иногда кодифицировалисьсильным правителем. Правонарушители наказывались, и таким образомобщество было принуждено повиноваться. В современном мире созданиезаконов предполагает у законодателей не только общую культуру, но требуетот них также специальных знаний. Правовая культура законодателей должна включать понимание действительности, ее истории и дальнейшегоразвития, а также специальные знания о праве и законах.
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сталкиваться – to face
последствия - consequences
действительность – reality
Задание 2.
Выберите правильный вариант модального глагола и подставьте впредложение. Предложения переведите.
1.If I don’t study for the next test, I ____ fail it.
a) ought to; b) should; c) might; d) will have to.
2.It ____ be Jack. He drives a Fiat and this guy is driving a Jaguar.
a) can’t; b) should; c) ought to; d) might.
3. He ___ to go to the dentist because he has toothache.
a) ought; b) must; c) should; d) have.
4.It was a very difficult text. I ____ look up a lot of words in the dictionary.
a) must; b) have to; c) had to; d) must to.
5.If we ___ study, we could go out.
a) didn’t have to; b) had to study; c) could; d) didn’t have.
Задание 3.
Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения выделенных слов.
Задание 4.
Перепишите и переведите текст на русский язык.
History of law
One of the earliest systems of law of which we have knowledge is the collection of laws, known as the Code of Hammurabi, the Babylonian king, which was carved in stone about 1900 B.C., and which can be seen in the British Museumin London. Another early code of Hebrew Law, contained in the Book of Exoduson the Bible. In Greece each city-state had its law. Some laws were common to many states, such as laws relating to family life. In the 17th century B.C. the Greeks began to put their laws into writing. About 594 B.C. Solon, the famous Athenian lawgiver, provided new code of law. The Athenians didn’t consider it necessary to have legal experts for non-criminal cases. In a civil case the verdict was given by a jury, which might number anything from 201 to 2500.The number of the jury listened to speeches made by the prison who had brought the case before them, and by their friends. Barristers were not allowed, but speeches were sometimes prepared by professional speechwriters. Roman law is one of the greatest systems that have ever existed. It was based upon custom, and by A.D. 528 quantity of Roman Law had become so immense that the Emperor Justinian in Constantinople ordered a clear, systematic code of all the laws to be made. Roman law has had a deep influence upon the law of the world. The law of most European countries is based upon it, and it has ha some influence on Anglo Saxon law, which is the other great law system of the world. For many years Roman law seemed to be lost or forgotten, but it reappeared in the 11th century, when there was a great revival of learning. Many European countries began to use Roman law in their courts. In France, however, until Napoleon codified the law in1804 each province had its own laws. The Napoleonic Code was a splendidachievement, and has been copied in many countries in Europe and South America.
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